![]() ![]() The storied and controversial history of the institution has long been covered by local and, at times, national media. Fernald State School, the western hemisphere's oldest publicly funded institution serving people with developmental disabilities. Waltham was also the home of the Walter E. Later, magnetron tubes were used as components in microwave ovens. During World War II, the magnetron tube technology was applied to radar. was built.Īnother first in Waltham industrial history involves the method to mass-produce the magnetron tube, invented by Percy Spencer at Raytheon. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Waltham was home to the brass era automobile manufacturer Metz, where the first production motorcycle in the U.S. In 1857, the Waltham Model 1857 watch was produced by the American Watch Company in the city of Waltham, Massachusetts. (1810–1905), and the Lyman Estate, a 400-acre (1.6 km 2) estate built in 1793 by Boston merchant Theodore Lyman. The city is home to a number of large estates, including Gore Place, a mansion built in 1806 for former Massachusetts governor Christopher Gore, the Robert Treat Paine Estate, a residence designed by architect Henry Hobson Richardson and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted for philanthropist Robert Treat Paine, Jr. The Waltham–Lowell system of production derives its name from the city and the founder of the mill. In the early 19th century, Francis Cabot Lowell and his friends and colleagues established in Waltham the Boston Manufacturing Company-the first integrated textile mill in the United States, with the goal of eliminating the problems of co-ordination, quality control, and shipping inherent in the subcontracting based textile industry. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon words, weald or wald "forest" and ham "homestead" or "enclosure." Waltham had no recognizable town center until the 1830s, when the nearby Boston Manufacturing Company gave the town the land that now serves as its central square. The first record of the name is from the articles of incorporation, dated January 15, 1738. Waltham is most likely named for Waltham Abbey in the County of Essex, England. Waltham was first settled in 1634 as part of Watertown and was officially incorporated as a separate town in 1738. The company produced over 35 million watches, clocks and instruments before it closed in 1957. It won the gold medal in 1876 at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. Waltham Watch Company opened its factory in Waltham in 1854 and was the first company to make watches on an assembly line. Waltham has been called "watch city" because of its association with the watch industry. The population was 65,218 at the census in 2020. The city is now a center for research and higher education, home to Brandeis University and Bentley University as well as industrial powerhouse Raytheon Technologies. ![]() The original home of the Boston Manufacturing Company, the city was a prototype for 19th century industrial city planning, spawning what became known as the Waltham-Lowell system of labor and production. Waltham ( / ˈ w ɔː l θ æ m/ WAWL-tham) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, and was an early center for the labor movement as well as a major contributor to the American Industrial Revolution. ![]()
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